“Experimentation and modeling for the apparent elongation viscosity of polymer melts with the White–Metzner model”

The measurement of the apparent elongation viscosity (η_e) of several polyolefin melts was conducted in this study by using the isothermal fiber‐spinning method. The White–Metzner (W–M) model was used to analyze the spinning flow of the polymer melts and, thus, the elongation viscosity was predicted at elongation strain rates ranging from 0 to approximately 5 s^?1. The values of the model parameters required in the W–M model were obtained by curve fitting the experimental data obtained from the shear measurements. The elongation viscosity predicted using the W–M model was in good agreement with the experimental results of fiber spinning. In addition, η_e could also be estimated directly from the measured shear viscosity (η_S) with a formulation using the W–M model; the subsequently obtained elongation viscosity and Trouton ratio (T_R) were reasonable within a wide range of strain rates. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, the polyolefin with a high molecular weight was observed to have high elongation viscosity, and the polymer with a broad molecular weight distribution also possessed high η_e. The T_R value of the commercial polypropylene (PP‐1040) began to increase from 3 at a deformation rate of 0.1 s^?1 and grew up asymptotically to 10, whereas the T_R of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE‐606) remained nearly at 3 within the entire range of strain rates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

冠脉支架纵向柔顺性数值模拟

柔顺性是冠脉支架重要的力学性能之一。本文针对一种具有非对称结构的冠脉支架,利用有限元方法深入研究与弯曲方向有关的支架柔顺性,在柔顺性数值模拟中使该支架获得较大的弯曲曲率并且考虑了接触因素。在一个周期结构内的多个弯曲方向上分别进行模拟,详细研究了支架抗弯刚度的各向异性。计算结果显示：在支架自接触现象发生前,支架的柔顺性表...     

颗粒材料内部滑动变形局部化的离散元模拟

颗粒材料在加载过程中表现出非常复杂的变形性质.在微观尺度上,单个颗粒的运动、单个孔隙胞元内的变形都是非均匀的,但也不是完全随机、没有规律可循的,而是呈现一定结构性的分布,如微带、剪切带等.本文用基于孔隙胞元的离散元方法对颗粒体进行双轴加载数值试验,模拟了以滑动变形表征的变形局部化现象.数值结果发现,对应加载过程中的不同...     

Tandem queueing networks with neighbor blocking and back-offs

We introduce a novel class of tandem queueing networks which arise in modeling the congestion behavior of wireless multi-hop networks with distributed medium access control. These models provide valuable insight in how the network performance in terms of throughput depends on the back-off mechanism that governs the competition among neighboring nodes for access to the medium. The models fall at the interface between classical queueing networks and interacting particle systems, and give rise to high-dimensional stochastic processes that challenge existing methodologies. We present various open problems and conjectures, which are supported by partial results for special cases and limit regimes as well as simulation experiments.     

苯丙烯酸羟基香豆素酯类化合物的合成

咖啡酸的酚羟基不作保护,直接与氯化亚砜作用生成酰氯,再与羟基香豆素类化合物完成缩合反应合成了一系列苯丙烯酸羟基香豆素酯类化合物(1a～1j),其结构经1H NMR和元素分析表征,其中1a,1c～1e为新化合物.     

解Drucker-Prager塑性问题的二阶锥互补法

基于经典弹塑性理论中多数屈服准则具有凸锥数学结构的事实,将在大规模计算中更具潜力的锥规划法引入弹塑性分析。考虑到弹塑性流动理论有关联与非关联之分,本文提出利用锥型互补法求解弹塑性问题。具体以Drucker-Prager弹塑性模型为例,首先利用最大塑性功耗散原理和圆锥对偶理论等工具,建立了弹塑性本构方程的等价二阶锥互补模型;然后,基于参变量变分原理和有限元技术,建立了弹塑性增量分析的二阶锥线性互补模型;最后,利用一类半光滑Newton算法求解。数值算例表明了本文方法的有效性。     

All-cellulose nanocomposites by surface selective dissolution of bacterial cellulose

All-cellulose nanocomposites using bacterial cellulose (BC) as a single raw material were prepared by a surface selective dissolution method. The effect of the immersion time of BC in the solvent (lithium chloride/N,N-dimethylacetamide) during preparation on the nanocomposite properties was investigated. The structure, morphology and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile testing. The optimum immersion time of 10 min allowed the preparation of nanocomposites with an average tensile strength of 411 MPa and Young’s modulus of 18 GPa. With the longest immersion time of 60 min, the prepared composite sheet turns to express a very high toughness characteristic possessing a work-to-fracture as high as 16 MJ/m³. These biobased nanocomposites show high performances thanks to their unique structure and properties.     

新型O-取代苯磺酰羟胺化合物的合成及其热性能

以O-取代苯磺酰氯和乙酰羟肟酸乙酯为原料，经消除、水解反应合成了6个新型的O-取代苯磺酰羟胺化合物：O-2-硝基苯磺酰羟胺、O-3-硝基苯磺酰羟胺、O-2,4-二硝基苯磺酰羟胺、O-2,4-二甲基苯磺酰羟胺、O-2,4,6-三甲基苯磺酰羟胺和O-2,4,6-三异丙基苯磺酰羟胺，其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和元素分析表征。并初步探讨了可能的反应机理。利用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)研究了化合物的热性能。结果表明：苯环上取代基供电子能力越强，化合物的热稳定性越好。     

基于四边形积分子域的一致性高阶无网格法

近来提出的一致性高阶无网格法通过发展导数修正技术大幅度减少了所需积分点数目,并能够精确地通过分片试验,从而显著改善无网格计算的效率、精度和收敛性。然而,由于导数修正方程数目须与积分点数目相匹配,该方法仅限于使用三角形积分子域。在保留原有导数修正方程的基础上,提出了修正导数的共面条件,并据此建立补充方程,使得方程总数可匹配于所需的积分点数目,从而将一致性高阶无网格法方便地拓展到使用四边形积分子域。数值结果表明,本文方法精确地通过了分片试验,并展现出极好的计算精度、效率和收敛性。